Step by Step Implementation of DSRM for Personalization of Reading

*Corresponding Author: Marzita Mansor Email: marzita@fskik.upsi.edu.my Abstract: This paper aims to discuss step-by-step activities of the implementation of Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) in the development of Personalization teaching and learning materials for children. DSRM is adapted in the development of personalized teaching and learning materials due to its potential to provide specific guidelines based on specific outcomes. This paper revealed the potential of DSRM as a reliable and comprehensive methodology that leads the developer on step by step processes to perform the development. Apart from that this study provides details description on the development of personalized teaching and learning materials that is successfully developed using the DSRM methodology as guidelines.


Introduction
Various research on education is done with the aim of making the teaching & learning process more effective [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] and acceptable to students [6] [7] [8] [9]. One of the areas that is often studied in education is personalization of reading [10] [11] [12]. This research employed design science research methodology (DSRM) as a methodology in the entire research process in order to come out with the personalization of reading for children. Personalization is used as the solution to cater children reading difficulties due to its potential to come out a reliable solution according to each children reading ability.
Research methodology is a standardized scientific study that the researcher follows in order to conduct a reliable study on a specific topic of interest. Not only that research methodology serves as an important tool to support research domain but also research methodology and research domain compliment each other to contribute to the body of knowledge [13] [14] [15] [16]. In particular, research domain provide a scientific methods to the complex task of discovering solutions to a particular problems in research domains.

Literature Review
Design science is an outcome based information technology research methodology, which offer specific guidelines for evaluation and iteration within research projects. The methodology of the research also focuses on the development and performance of (designed) artifacts with the explicit intention of improving the functional performance of the artifact. The methodology acts as guidelines for the researchers to conduct their research systematically. In general, there are 6 activities (steps) based in Design Science Research Methodology framework as suggested by Peffers et al. [17].
The DSRM activities include Problem Identification and Motivation, Define the objectives of the solution, Design and Development, Demonstration, Evaluation and Communication as shown in Figure 1. This build-and-evaluate loop is typically iterated a number of times before the final design artifact is generated. Hevner et al. [18] also has stated that the definition of IT artefacts in IS not only refer to instantions, but also includes constructs, model and methods applied in development and use of information systems. The authors also stated that in the design science paradigm, knowledge and understanding of the problem domain and it solution are achieved in the building and application of the building artifacts.

Contribution
Due to the DSRM potential, this paper provide a brief discussion by providing step by step implementation of the DSRM throughout the scope of the research conducted.
Step One: Problem Identification The heart of the research is to identify problem and motivation to solve issue arises from the real situation. Suitable with the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) ideas for the creation of new knowledge, identified solution of the problem discussed on the problem has arises is used as a foundation in the research for the new knowledge creation. Figure 2 provide several activities involved in the problem identification process.

Figure 2. Main Processes in Problem Identification and Motivation Phase
Step 2: Define Objectives and Solution In this phase, the process involved the defining the objectives and its solution. The following figures shown us the objectives of this study and feasible outcomes of the research.  Figure 3.

Main processes in Define Objectives and Solution Phase
Step Three: Design and Development Phase 3 involves Design and Development Phase. In this phase, all the analysed data from previous phase, phase 2: Define the objectives phase are analysed further for design purposes. Activities related to design and development on the Interface Design are conducted in this phase.
All activities involves in the design and development phase are described in the following Step Four: Demonstration At this phase, the use of the artefact was demonstrated to classify the design according to user profile in order to solve the identified problem. In this research, the demonstration phase covered user testing on the proposed personalised interface design. The outcome from user testing to categorize interface design is based on the individualised learning. Figure 5 shows main processes in demonstration phase.
Step Five: Evaluation This step provides evaluation of the personalized design through the use of the prototype of personalization of the reading material for the children The processes then are documented as finding in a form of report. Figure 6 shows main processes in evaluation phase.  Figure 5 Main processes in Demonstration Phase

Conclusion
Developing personalized teaching and learning tools require the researcher to identify specific requirements in detail covering specific personalization approach that require in depth understanding of a user. Apart from that, reading content to offer is on of the important consideration in the development. In order to ensure these two (2) important elements are covered in details, a specific methodology for the development is required. DSRM is chosen in as the methodology to guide the overall research process due to its potential to define a detailed design process to provide support development of the design artefact in this particular study.