International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Sciences (IJCIMS)

Superoxide Dismutase from Marine as a Cytotoxic Agent

Dwi Wulan Apriani — 2024-09-14

The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia has shown an increase from 1.4 per 1000 population in 2013 to 1.79 per 1000 population in 2018. 70% of our planet is covered by unparalleled air and marine biodiversity. Therefore, medical researchers have focused on the marine world which has great potential, in the last six decades (Sagar et al. 2010). To find out other uses of biota, it is necessary to study the SOD of marine biota that reacts with their metal cofactors, to determine the specific SOD of some biota, to determine the SOD cytotoxic activity of several marine biota, to determine the mechanism of SOD of marine biota as anticancer. This literature review was carried out in several stages: formulating problems, collecting, evaluating, analyzing, and synthesizing data. The data sources used are international journals from publishers such as Science Direct, Elseiver, and SpringerLink between 2010 and 2021. The literature results obtained for the SOD classification of marine biota based on metal cofactors are 1,092 articles. The articles obtained will be selected and 52 articles that meet the inclusion criteria will be reviewed. The results of the search for specific SOD activities from marine biota were obtained by 1,243 articles. 13 articles that meet the inclusion criteria and will be reviewed. The results of the search for SOD cytotoxic activity from marine biota obtained 2,199 articles. 7 articles that met the inclusion criteria will be reviewed. The search results for specific SOD activities from marine biota were 2,496 articles. 8 articles that meet the inclusion criteria and will be reviewed. The results showed that SOD from marine biota had cytotoxic activity.

Epidemiological Dynamics and Public Health Challenges of Mpox in Southern Thailand

Andi Almeira Zocha Ismail — 2024-09-27

Mpox, a zoonotic viral disease, has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, especially since its spread beyond Central and West Africa in 2022. This study focuses on the epidemiological patterns of mpox in Southern Thailand, a region characterized by frequent human-wildlife interactions and cross-border activity. The findings reveal a high concentration of mpox cases in rural areas, with a prevalence rate of 15.4 per 100,000 population. The majority of cases occurred among males aged 25-40, highlighting a demographic trend linked to occupational and travel-related exposure. Transmission patterns indicate that close contact with infected individuals and wildlife are critical factors, with occupational exposure in rural areas posing significant risks. Public health interventions, such as isolation, hygiene promotion, and education, have been somewhat effective in urban settings but face challenges in rural areas due to limited healthcare access and low public awareness. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, improved surveillance, and expanded vaccination efforts to mitigate the spread of mpox, particularly in regions with significant wildlife contact. Understanding these dynamics is essential for future outbreak control efforts in Southeast Asia and beyond.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obesity in Saudi Arabia

Alsalme Mahmood — 2024-09-26

Obesity has become a pressing global health issue, marked by a rapid increase in prevalence and linked to serious health complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. In Saudi Arabia, the obesity epidemic is particularly pronounced, with adult obesity rates at approximately 35% and childhood obesity exceeding 20%. This significant rise is driven by shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits, notably in urban areas like Riyadh and Jeddah, where high-calorie food consumption and sedentary lifestyles are prevalent. Key risk factors for obesity in Saudi Arabia include dietary habits characterized by high consumption of fast food and sugary beverages, as well as a sedentary lifestyle influenced by urbanization and technological dependence. Socio-economic factors, including limited access to healthy foods and gaps in health education, exacerbate the problem. Cultural resistance to dietary changes and ineffective public health strategies further complicates the fight against obesity. To combat this epidemic, several recommendations are proposed: implementing community-based exercise programs, enhancing school meal plans, subsidizing healthy foods, and enforcing stricter regulations on unhealthy food marketing. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these public health initiatives, exploring genetic predispositions, and understanding the impact of socio-economic and cultural factors on obesity. These efforts are crucial for developing targeted, culturally appropriate interventions to address obesity and improve public health outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluating the Impact of Healthcare Access on Maternal and Child Mortality in a Rural Region of Myanmar

Than Phyu Kwee — 2024-09-26

This study evaluates the impact of healthcare access on maternal and child mortality rates in the rural region of Kayin State, Myanmar, where disparities in healthcare services significantly affect vulnerable populations. Utilizing a cross-sectional study design from February to July 2024, the research employs both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative data is gathered from government health records and local healthcare facilities, including maternal and child mortality rates, healthcare facility availability, and healthcare worker distribution. Qualitative insights are obtained through semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers, mothers, and local stakeholders, focusing on barriers to healthcare access. The findings reveal alarming maternal mortality rates of 250 per 100,000 live births and child mortality rates of 80 per 1,000 live births in rural areas, compared to urban counterparts. Major barriers identified include geographic isolation, economic challenges, and cultural factors limiting healthcare utilization. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve healthcare access in rural communities. Future research should investigate longitudinal impacts of healthcare interventions and the effectiveness of health education programs to further understand and mitigate healthcare disparities in rural Myanmar.

Unveiling Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Malaysia: A Comparative Study with Global Pattern

Andi Regina Acacia Ismail — 2024-09-26

This research explores the patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Malaysia, with a focus on major bacterial strains such as MRSA, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Data from clinical microbiology laboratories in both public and private hospitals was collected using a cross-sectional, observational study design. Analysis of resistance rates indicated that MRSA showed a resistance rate of 45%, which was notably greater than the global standard of 30% (p < 0.01). Likewise, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas displayed resistance rates of 55%, 40%, and 35%, respectively. These results emphasize the increasing problem of AMR in Malaysia, especially in urban healthcare settings, where resistance rates were higher than in rural areas. In the future, researchers need to enhance AMR monitoring systems and encourage responsible use of antibiotics in Malaysia. Comparison with worldwide databases like WHO GLASS and CDDEP indicates that focused efforts in urban areas are needed to address the increasing resistance rates. This research highlights the need to tackle AMR promptly by collaborating among policymakers, healthcare providers, and public health institutions. Additional research is required to assess the efficiency of existing methods and discover innovative ways to address AMR within the area.