Civil and Political Rights in Constitutionality of Accommodation of Individual Candidates and Elimination of Presidential Thresholds from the Perspective of the 1945 Constitution
DOI:
Abstract
Indonesia will hold presidential and vice-presidential elections, however, currently, the election mechanism for presidential and vice-presidential candidates only accommodated nominations through political parties and also still uses the provisions of the Presidential Threshold. Indonesia is a country that adheres to a democratic system which of course strongly adheres to the principle of people's sovereignty which guarantees the rights of all its citizens, and should also accommodate the mechanism of presidential nomination through individual or independent channels. Thus, blocking the rights of some citizens who wish to nominate themselves through non-political party channels, indicates that democratic principles have not been implemented properly. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem, how is the accommodation of individual candidates in the presidential election and the elimination of the presidential nomination threshold in Indonesia and the solution as a democratic country from the perspective of the 1945 Constitution? The type of research used is juridical-normative research, in designing the format of the mechanism for the recruitment of candidates for president and vice president in the electoral system in Indonesia, it must be by democratic principles, this is based on the preamble of the 1945 Constitution as the highest law in Indonesia that adheres to the principle of people's sovereignty. To implement democratic principles well in general elections, Indonesia needs to apply a two-door recruitment mechanism format, which is a format that provides two kinds of doors as a nomination pathway. Based on this, it is necessary to immediately implement and realize a two-door nomination mechanism, namely through political parties and also through individual or independent channels in the Presidential Election and it is also necessary to remove the Presidential Threshold to carry out democratic elections. and justice to maintain peace and prosperity.
Downloads
Views : 84
Downloads : 107
References
M. R. Karim, Competitive Democratic Elections. Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1991.
O. Sirot, H. T. Atmaja, “Reformasi in 1998: Its Role and Impact on Solo,” Journal of Indonesian History, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 100, 2020.
Prayudi, “Considering Individual Candidates in the Presidential Election,” Jurnal Politica, vol. 2, no. 1, 2011.
R. R. Dahlia, “Media Oligarchy in the Vortex of Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections of the Republic of Indonesia 2019 to 2024,” Journal of Politik dan Pemerintahan, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 65-81, 2020.
N. Huda, The 1945 Constitution and the Re-Amendment Idea. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2008.
J. Assshiddiqie, Constitutional law. Yogyakarta: Islamic University of Indonesia Press, 2005.
B. Manan, People's Sovereignty, Human Rights and the Rule of Law. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 1996.
D. Thaib, Sovereignty of the People, State of Law and Constitution. Yogyakarta: Liberty, 1999.
F. M. Suseno, Seeking Figures of Democracy; Philosophical Study. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995.
R. E. S. Fatah, Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Indonesia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1994.
J. J. Rousseau, Du Contract Social (PerjanjianSosial). Jakarta: Visimedia, 2007.
M. K. Pasha, Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution and its Implementation Mechanism. Yogyakarta: Mitra Gama Widya, 1998.
P. M. Marzuki, Legal Research. Jakarta: Golden, 2014.
S. Soekanto, and S. Mamudji, Normative Legal Research: A Brief Overview. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2015.
M. Koesnardi, and B. R. Saragih, State Science. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 1988.
L. Bechman, “Popular sovereignity facing the deep state. The rule of Recognition and The Powers of the People,” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, vol. 24, no. 7, 2021.
H. C. Handoyo, Constitutional Law, Citizenship and Human Rights. Yogyakarta: Atma Jaya University Press, 2003.
K. Poerbopranoto, Democratic Government System. Bandung: Eresco, 1987.
M. Mahfud, Law and the Pillars of Democracy. Yogyakarta: Gama Media cooperate with the Foundation of Adikarya IKAPI dan The Ford Foundation, 1999.
D. Noer, Introduction to Political Thought. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali, 1983.
R. A. Dahl, The Dilemma of Pluralist Democracy: Between Autonomy and Control. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1985.
G. M. Carter, and J. Herz, The Role of Government in Today's Society, in Miriam Budiardjo, State Issues. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1982.
H. B. Mayo, An Introduction to Democratic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960.
E. Z. Zukaya, Citizenship Education for Higher Education. Yogyakarta: Paradigma, 2000.
M. Yamin, Proclamation and Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1982.
F. M. Suseno, Political Etic. Jakarta; Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1999.
S. Arinanto, Law and Dem. Jakarta: Ind-Hill-Co, 1991.
J. J. Prihatmoko, The 2004 Election and Consolidation of Democracy. Semarang: LP2I Press, 2003.
M. Mahfud, Democracy and Constitution in Indonesia; The Study of Political Interaction and State Administration Life. Jakarta: PT Rieneka Cipta, 2000.
A. Goffar, “Dispute on Presidential: Decisions of the Constitutional Court and Other Countries’ Experinces,” Journal of Contitution, vol. 15, no. 3, 2018.
R. N. Arfani, Contemporary Indonesian Democracy. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996.
M. F. S. Widodo, et al., “Judicial Review regarding the Presidential Threshold at the Constitutional Court in the Optics of Human Rights,” Verfassung: Journal of Contitutional Law, vol. 1, no. 2, 2022.
A. Fitri, and W. Setiadi, “Presidential Threshold in Simultaneous General Elections: Setback of Constitutional Democracy?” Journal of Indonesia Legislation, vol. 19, no. 1, 2022.
A. Ghaffar, Indonesian Politics Transition Towards Democracy. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.
E. H. Abra, “Unfair Presidential Treshold in Indonesia Constitution” Journal of Bawaslu Kepulauan Riau,” vol. 3, no. 2, 2021.
D. Hanan, “Strengthening Multiparty Presidentialism in Indonesia: Simultaneous Elections, Electoral Systems, and Party Systems,” Journal Paramadina University, vol. 13, pp. 1451–1475, 2016.
Widaningsih, “Juridical Implications of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Implementation of the 2019 Simultaneous General Elections,” Journal Cakrawala Hukum, vol. 19, no. 1, 2014.
