Worldview ‘Mali’ in the Local Wisdom of ‘Penganan’ Iban in Sarawak: an Intangible Heritage Study
Worldview Mali dalam Kearifan Tempatan Penganan Iban di Sarawak: Satu Penelitian Warisan Tidak Ketara
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Abstract
Masyarakat Iban di Sarawak memiliki demensi atau pandangan yang tersendiri dalam menginterprestasi kepercayaan mereka terhadap dunia dan kehidupan. Kepercayaan atau worldview tersebut memiliki nilai yang signifikan dalam manifestasi kebudayaan ketara dan tidak ketara masyarakat Iban. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini adalah bersifat etnografi yang memfokuskan kepada kepercayaan Mali dalam kearifan tempatan membuat Penganan iaitu sejenis kuih tradisional Iban. Pendekatan penyelidikan ini adalah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu dengan melakukan kerja lapangan, mendokumentasi dan menemu bual informan yang mempunyai kepakaran dalam budaya Iban. Kawasan penyelidikan iaitu di Lubok Antu, Betong, Sri Aman dan Limbang telah dipilih sebagai lokasi penyelidikan untuk mendapatkan kepelbagaian data dari setiap penempatan geografi masyarakat Iban. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah sebagai satu usaha untuk mengarkibkan dan mengkonservasi kepercayaan Mali sebagai sebuah warisan tidak ketara. Hasil dapatan mendapati bahawa, kepercayaan Mali masih menjadi sebuah warisan dalam bentuk kolektif memori dan diamalkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Iban kini walaupun mereka telah menganuti agama baharu iaitu agama Islam dan Kristian. Melalui penyelidikan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan satu kefahaman yang komprenhensif mengenai adat resam dan kepercayaan masyarakat pribumi di Malaysia, khususnya masyarakat Iban di Sarawak.
Worldview ‘Mali’ in the Local Wisdom of ‘Penganan’ Iban in Sarawak: an Intangible Heritage Study
Abstract: The Iban in Sarawak possessed their own dimension or perspectives in interpreting belief in the world and life. For the Iban, the belief or worldview have significant value in manifesting tangible and intangible culture. Therefore, this is an ethnography studies focus the belief of Mali from the local expertise in making the traditional Iban food Penganan. This study applied the qualitative approach by conducting field work, documentation and interview with informant adept in the Iban culture. The studies sites were Lubok Antu, Betong, Sri Aman and Limbang for the purpose of collecting numerous data from each Iban’s settlement. This study is an effort to archive and conserve the belief of Mali as an intangible culture. The studies have discovered the belief of Mali is still regard as a heritage in the form of collective memory. This belief is still practice by the Iban although they have converted to the new religion of Islam and Christian. It is this studies aspiration to produce a comprehensive understanding concerning the custom and belief of the indigenous community in Malaysia especially the Iban in Sarawak.
Keywords: Custom, Iban, Indigenous Belief, Traditional Culture, Worldview.
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