Thermal Modeling of Blade Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery with Liquid Cooling and Addition of Manganese to Cathode
DOI:
Abstract
Electric vehicles are a key alternative to fossil fuel-based transportation but face challenges in safety and driving range. Blade battery technology, with its long and flat shape, offers improved heat distribution and safety. This study focuses on the thermal performance of a blade-shaped Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery enhanced with manganese (LMFP), using a water-based cooling system to ensure temperature stability during operation. Effective thermal management, including the use of cooling systems, is crucial for maintaining battery performance and reliability. This study modeled a blade-shaped battery with a water-cooling system using ANSYS Fluent. The process involves designing 3D geometry and meshing to simulate thermal behavior accurately. The simulation was conducted under varying operating conditions by applying different inlet temperatures for the cooling system (14.85°C, 26.85°C, and 34.85°C ) combined with different discharge rates (0.5C, 1C, 2C, and 5C). These parameter variations were designed to evaluate the thermal response of the battery under realistic and dynamic working environments. The results indicate that the cooling system can maintain the battery temperature within the optimal thermal range, with the maximum temperature remaining below 35°C across all tested conditions. Higher C-rates resulted in increased internal heat generation, leading to higher cell temperatures. This study contributes to the development of thermally stable, higher-energy-density batteries, offering practical insights for designing safer and more efficient battery packs in electric vehicles.
Downloads
Views : 163
Downloads : 89
References
N. Tiwari et al., “Converting gasoline vehicle into an electric vehicle (EV)-A review,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 79, pp. 379–388, 2023.
H. Roy et al., “Global Advancements and Current Challenges of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Their Prospects: A Comprehensive Review,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 24, 2022.
S. Hasan et al., “Beyond Lithium-Ion: The Promise and Pitfalls of BYD’s Blade Batteries for Electric Vehicles,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 469, 2023.
G. Yu, “The Analysis on the Principle and Advantages of Blade Battery of BYD -- A Domestic New Energy Manufacturer,” SHS Web of Conferences, vol. 144, p. 02003, 2022.
M. Sen, “A review on the lithium-ion battery problems used in electric vehicles,” vol. 3, no. October 2023, 2024.
B. Zhang et al., “High-energy–density lithium manganese iron phosphate for lithium-ion batteries: Progresses, challenges, and prospects,” Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 100, pp. 1–17, 2025.
G. Zhao, X. Wang, M. Negnevitsky, and C. Li, “An up-to-date review on the design improvement and optimization of the liquid-cooling battery thermal management system for electric vehicles,” Appl Therm Eng, vol. 219, no. July 2022, 2023.
X. Feng, F. Zhang, W. Huang, Y. Peng, C. Xu, and M. Ouyang, “Mechanism of internal thermal runaway propagation in blade batteries,” Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 89, pp. 184–194, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2023.09.050.
A. Sadar, M. Amir, and N. Mohammad, “An optimal design of battery thermal management system with advanced heating and cooling control mechanism for lithium-ion storage packs in electric vehicles,” J Energy Storage, vol. 99, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113421.
X. Yang, T. Liu, and C. Wang, “Thermally modulated lithium iron phosphate batteries for mass-market electric vehicles,” Nat Energy, 2021.
F. S. Hwang et al., “Review of battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 192, no. December 2023, 2024.
Y. Lv et al., “Review on influence factors and prevention control technologies of lithium-ion battery energy storage safety,” J Energy Storage, vol. 72, no. April, 2023.
V. Singh, S. Kuthe, and N. V. Skorodumova, “Electrode Fabrication Techniques for Li Ion Based Energy Storage System: A Review,” Batteries, vol. 9, no. 3, 2023.
J. Schöberl, M. Ank, M. Schreiber, N. Wassiliadis, and M. Lienkamp, “Thermal runaway propagation in automotive lithium-ion batteries with NMC-811 and LFP cathodes: Safety requirements and impact on system integration,” eTransportation, vol. 19, no. December 2023.
X. Shu, Y. Guo, W. Yang, K. Wei, and G. Zhu, “Life-cycle assessment of the environmental impact of the batteries used in pure electric passenger cars,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, no. November, pp. 2302–2315, 2021.
M. Yang et al., “Enhancing control over organic cathodes through metal coordination for efficient lithium/sodium ion batteries,” Nano Energy, vol. 129, no. December 2023, 2024.
R. Bin Hossain, S. Mohammad, N. Sakib, S. Islam, P. Roy, and S. Hasan, “A Comprehensive Review of Blade Battery Technology for the Vehicle Industry,” North American Academic Research, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1–20, 2023.
S. Mishra, S. C. Swain, and R. K. Samantaray, “A Review on Battery Management system and its Application in Electric vehicle,” 10th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications, ICACC 2021, 2021.
C. Y. Guo, M. W. Muhieldeen, K. H. Teng, C. K. Ang, and W. H. Lim, “A novel thermal management system for lithium-ion battery modules combining indirect liquid-cooling with forced air-cooling: Deep learning approach,” J Energy Storage, vol. 94, no. June, 2024.
P. Cicconi and P. Kumar, “Design approaches for Li-ion battery packs: A review,” J Energy Storage, vol. 73, no. August, 2023.
J. Liu, H. Chen, S. Huang, Y. Jiao, and M. Chen, “Recent Progress and Prospects in Liquid Cooling Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Batteries, vol. 9, no. 8, 2023.
B. Heidarshenas, A. Aghaei, A. Hossein Zamani, and Y. Yuan, “Comparison of different cooling techniques for a lithium-ion battery at various discharge rates using electrochemical thermal modeling,” Appl Therm Eng, vol. 258, no. November 2024.
N. Zhang et al., “Performance investigation of battery thermal management system based on L-shaped heat pipe coupled cold plate and optimization of controllable liquid cooling,” Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, vol. 18, no. 1, 2024.
R. Ren, Y. Zhao, Y. Diao, and L. Liang, “Experimental study on the bottom liquid cooling thermal management system for lithium-ion battery based on multichannel flat tube,” Appl Therm Eng, vol. 219, no. 100, 2023.
Y. Jiang, L. Zhang, G. Offer, and H. Wang, “A user-friendly lithium battery simulator based on open-source CFD,” Digital Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, no. August, 2022.
H. M. Ali, “Thermal management systems for batteries in electric vehicles: A recent review,” Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 5545–5564, 2023.
Inc. ANSYS, “CFD EXPERTS Simulate the Future,” 2021.
M. Li, S. Ma, H. Jin, R. Wang, and Y. Jiang, “Performance analysis of liquid cooling battery thermal management system in different cooling cases,” Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 72, no. February, 2023.
Y. Sun et al., “Estimation of temperature field for blade battery based on frequency domain heat generation model,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 235, no. September, 2024.
F. Chen, J. Wang, and X. Yang, “Topology optimization design and numerical analysis on cold plates for lithium-ion battery thermal management,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 183, 2022.
Z. Qasmi, “ANSYS simulation of Temperature of Cooling System in Li-ion Battery,” pp. 44–450, 2022
